Baltimore County vs. Maryland Comparative Trends Analysis: Population Growth and Change, 1969-2022 Introduction Baltimore County: 2022 Population = 846,161 2022 Percent of State = 13.73% Maryland: 2022 Population = 6,164,660 2022 Percent of U.S. = 1.85% Attracting and retaining people to live, work, raise a family, and retire underlies the economic vitality of any region. Population growth is both a cause--and a consequence--of economic growth. Patterns of population growth and change reflect differences among regions to attract and retain people both as producers and consumers in their economy. The following graphs offer a broad overview of trends in the pattern of population growth and change of Baltimore County with comparisons to Maryland and the nation at large. This analysis features alternative approaches toward discussing, diagnosing and comparing Baltimore County vs. Maryland's population growth over 1969-2022. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population, 1969-2022 Figure 1. Figure 1 tracks Baltimore County's annual population for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate population patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Baltimore County's population rose from 612,575 in 1969 to 846,161 in 2022, for a net gain of 233,586, or 38.13%. NOTE: The county and state population totals reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are from the Bureau of Census midyear (July 1) estimates. These estimates may differ from those prepared independently in some states by various agencies and/or universities. Population, 1969-2022 Figure 2. Figure 2 tracks Maryland's annual population for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate population patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Maryland's population rose from 3,868,000 in 1969 to 6,164,660 in 2022, for a net gain of 2,296,660, or 59.38%. NOTE: The county and state population totals reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are from the Bureau of Census midyear (July 1) estimates. These estimates may differ from those prepared independently in some states by various agencies and/or universities. Population Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022 Figure 3. Figure 3 portrays Baltimore County's population growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Maryland, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's population in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the populations in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in population growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. Baltimore County's overall population growth was 38.13% over 1969-2022 trailed Maryland's increase of 59.38%, and fell below the United States' increase of 65.57%. Population as a Percent of the Maryland Total: 1969-2022 Figure 4. Another interesting and insightful way of contrasting the population growth of Baltimore County is to trace its individual percentage contributions to Maryland's statewide population over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's population grew faster, or declined less, than Maryland's population, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly. In 1969, Baltimore County's population comprised 15.84% of Maryland's population, while in 2022 it comprised 13.73% thereby yielding a -2.11% share-shift.
Baltimore County Population: Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022 Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the short-run pattern of Baltimore County's population growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, Baltimore County's population grew at an annual rate of 0.61% over 1970-2022. The county recorded its highest growth in 1971 (2.03%) and posted its lowest growth in 1973 (-0.73%). In 2022, Baltimore County's population declined by -0.53% Baltimore County Population: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022 Figure 6. Over the past five decades some counties have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again depicts the annual percent change in Baltimore County's population since 1970, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022. During the 1970s, Baltimore County's annual population growth rate averaged 0.61%. It averaged 0.53% in the 1980s, 0.89% throughout the 1990s, 0.68% throughout the 2000s, 0.63% throughout the 2010s, -0.28% thus far this decade (2020-2022). Population Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade Figure 7. Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for Baltimore County noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Maryland and the nation. As the chart reveals, Baltimore County's average annual population growth lagged Maryland's average in the 1970s (0.61% vs. 0.88%), amounted to less than Maryland's average during the 1980s (0.53% vs. 1.14%), posted below Maryland's average throughout the 1990s (0.89% vs. 1.06%), posted below Maryland's average throughout the 2000s (0.68% vs. 0.87%), fell below Maryland's average during the 2010s (0.63% vs. 0.73%), and recorded under Maryland's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (-0.28% vs. 0.01%). Finally, relative to nationwide population growth trends, Baltimore County posted below the nation in the 1970s (0.61% vs. 1.10%), trailed the nation in the 1980s (0.53% vs. 0.95%), fell under the nation over the 1990s (0.89% vs. 1.23%), trailed the nation in the 2000s (0.68% vs. 0.95%), fell under the nation throughout the 2010s (0.63% vs. 0.74%), and lagged the nation over 2020-2022 (-0.28% vs. 0.31%).
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