United States vs. Maryland Comparative Trends Analysis: Population Growth and Change, 1969-2022 Introduction U.S.: 2022 Population = 6,164,660 2022 Percent of State = 1.85% Maryland: 2022 Population = 333,287,557 Attracting and retaining people to live, work, raise a family, and retire underlies the economic vitality of any region. Population growth is both a cause--and a consequence--of economic growth. Patterns of population growth and change reflect differences among regions to attract and retain people both as producers and consumers in their economy. The following graphs offer a broad overview of trends in the pattern of population growth and change of Maryland with comparisons to the nation at large. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population, 1969-2022 Figure 1. Figure 1 traces Maryland's annual population for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate population patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Maryland's population rose from 3,868,000 in 1969 to 6,164,660 in 2022, for a net gain of 2,296,660, or 59.38%. NOTE: The county and state population totals reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are from the Bureau of Census midyear (July 1) estimates. These estimates may differ from those prepared independently in some states by various agencies and/or universities. Population Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022 Figure 2. Figure 2 shows Maryland's population growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's population in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the populations in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in population growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. Maryland's overall population growth was 59.38% over 1969-2022 trailed the United States' increase of 65.57%. Population as a Percent of the United States Total: 1969-2022 Figure 3. Another interesting and insightful way of comparing the population growth of Maryland is to trace its individual percentage contributions to the United States' total population over time, as shown in Figure 3. A rising share means a region's population grew faster, or declined less, than the United States' population, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly. In 1969, Maryland's population comprised 1.92% of the United States' population, while in 2022 it equated to 1.85% thereby yielding a -0.07% share-shift.
Maryland Population: Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022 Figure 4. Figure 4 highlights the short-run pattern of Maryland's population growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, Maryland's population grew at an annual rate of 0.88% over 1970-2022. The state posted its highest growth in 1971 (2.14%) and recorded its lowest growth in 2022 (-0.16%). In 2022, Maryland's population declined by -0.16% Maryland Population: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022 Figure 5. Over the past five decades some states have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 5 again depicts the annual percent change in Maryland's population since 1970, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022. During the 1970s, Maryland's annual population growth rate averaged 0.88%. It averaged 1.14% throughout the 1980s, 1.06% during the 1990s, 0.87% in the 2000s, 0.73% during the 2010s, 0.01% thus far this decade (2020-2022). Population Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade Figure 6. Figure 6 compares the decade average growth rates for Maryland noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for the nation. Relative to nationwide population growth trends, Maryland posted below the nation throughout the 1970s (0.88% vs. 1.10%), outpaced the nation throughout the 1980s (1.14% vs. 0.95%), recorded underneath the nation during the 1990s (1.06% vs. 1.23%), recorded underneath the nation over the 2000s (0.87% vs. 0.95%), trailed the nation in the 2010s (0.73% vs. 0.74%), and lagged the nation over 2020-2022 (0.01% vs. 0.31%).
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